Repetitive tasks, awkward postures, and prolonged physical exertion at work can lead to far more than temporary discomfort. These common ergonomic hazards increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries that can have long-lasting impacts on team members’ health. Though often subtle at first, ergonomic risks build up over time, gradually reducing productivity, increasing sick days, and lowering overall morale.
In this guide, we’ll look closely at some of the most common ergonomic hazards, how they develop in everyday tasks, and practical, effective ways to reduce them and create a safer, healthier workplace.
What Are Ergonomic Hazards?
Ergonomic hazards refer to any physical condition or factor in the workplace that can harm the musculoskeletal system. These hazards create wear and tear on the body and can lead to conditions such as back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and repetitive strain injuries (RSIs). Recognising and addressing ergonomic hazards helps create a safer, healthier work environment for all employees.
Related Reading: 7 Of The Most Common Health And Safety Risks In The Workplace
8 Common Ergonomic Hazards Examples
Everyday ergonomic hazards, from repetitive movements to uncomfortable workspaces, can cause strain and may lead to lasting injuries if left unaddressed. Here are eight common examples to watch for in the workplace.
1. Repetitive Movements
Constantly repeating the same motion, whether typing, lifting, or twisting, is a key ergonomic hazard that can lead to conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, or joint pain. Over time, these repetitive movements cause inflammation and muscle fatigue, especially when employees don’t have enough recovery time between tasks.
Risk Reduction:
To mitigate this risk, team leaders should aim to rotate tasks where possible. This allows team members to engage different muscle groups throughout the day. Providing regular breaks and educating employees on stretching exercises can also be highly effective. Additionally, simple adjustments to workstation layouts can reduce the need for repetitive movements.
2. Awkward Or Static Postures
An awkward posture can place excessive strain on specific areas of the body. Maintaining a static posture, like sitting for extended periods, restricts circulation and contributes to fatigue. Common issues include hunching over a desk, leaning to one side, or holding a fixed posture for long durations.
Related Reading: Office-Based Risk Management
Risk Reduction:
Optimising workstation design is crucial. Invest in ergonomic chairs and adjustable desks, allowing team members to switch between sitting and standing positions. Encourage regular movement—such as standing or stretching every hour—to reduce muscle tension. Educating employees on proper posture also helps them stay mindful of their positioning throughout the day.
2. Manual Handling And Forceful Movements
Manual handling tasks like lifting, pushing, or pulling heavy objects are high-risk ergonomic hazards, especially in industries like construction and warehousing. The strain caused by excessive force can lead to musculoskeletal injuries, particularly in the lower back. Repeatedly performing these tasks without proper technique or support increases the likelihood of long-term injuries and chronic pain.
Risk Reduction:
Provide team members with training on safe lifting techniques. The HSE also recommends using equipment such as trolleys or mechanical lifting aids to reduce the strain associated with manual handling. Implementing job rotation for physically demanding tasks and breaking down heavy loads into manageable portions can further lower the risk.
Related Reading: Risk Assessment for a Warehouse
3. Vibration Exposure
Operating vibrating machinery or tools over long periods can cause vibration-related disorders, like hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). This condition results from prolonged use of vibrating equipment and leads to numbness, tingling, and muscle fatigue in the affected areas.
Risk Reduction:
To reduce exposure to vibration, limit the time employees spend using vibrating tools and ensure all equipment is well-maintained. Anti-vibration gloves can provide additional protection, and implementing job rotation for those working with vibrating tools further minimises cumulative exposure. Employers should also comply with the Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 to manage safe exposure levels effectively.
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5. Inadequate Lighting
Poor lighting can cause employees to squint, hunch, or adopt awkward postures, leading to eye strain, headaches, and neck discomfort. Dim lighting is a common ergonomic hazard in office environments and in roles requiring precision tasks. Over time, these strained postures can increase the risk of musculoskeletal issues, impacting long-term health and productivity.
Risk Reduction:
Provide adjustable lighting at workstations to prevent eye strain and reduce the need for awkward postures. Consider task-specific lighting and position screens to minimise glare for tasks requiring precision. These simple adjustments can improve comfort and posture over time. For further guidance, refer to the HSE’s recommendations on workplace lighting in their Lighting at Work guide.
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6. Temperature Extremes
Workplaces that are too hot or cold can affect employee comfort and health. Cold temperatures restrict blood flow, causing muscle stiffness and discomfort, while heat can lead to fatigue and dehydration, impacting overall productivity. Prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures can also increase the risk of musculoskeletal strain as the body compensates for discomfort.
Risk Reduction:
To counteract temperature-related ergonomic hazards, maintain a comfortable and consistent temperature in indoor workplaces. For outdoor work or environments with fluctuating temperatures, provide appropriate gear, hydration options, and shaded or heated rest areas to support employees in coping with extreme conditions.
7. Excessive Noise Levels
Over time, exposure to high noise levels can lead to hearing damage and increase the risk of workplace stress. Research shows that prolonged noise exposure can cause fatigue, anxiety, and reduced concentration, especially in roles where employees need to stay focused on tasks.
Risk Reduction:
Offer ear protection for employees working near loud machinery, and consider adding soundproofing measures like noise-cancelling panels or barriers to reduce excessive noise. Regular noise monitoring and checks on sound levels also help ensure compliance with health and safety standards, creating a safer and more comfortable work environment.
8. Work-Related Stress
Work-related stress is an ergonomic hazard that can result from excessive workload, insufficient breaks, and other workplace pressures. Chronic stress impacts mental and physical health, leading to muscle tension, fatigue, and poor posture. Over time, this strain increases the risk of musculoskeletal injuries, making stress management essential for overall ergonomic safety.
Risk Reduction:
Foster a supportive work culture by ensuring that employees have access to stress-relief resources, encouraging regular breaks, and offering flexibility in work arrangements where possible. Providing adequate training and setting realistic deadlines can also help reduce stress, promoting a healthier and more productive work environment.
Why It’s Important To Address Ergonomic Hazards
In the UK, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) account for a large portion of workplace injuries, leading to over 30 million lost working days each year and comprising up to 30% of GP consultations in England. Ergonomic hazards are a significant contributor to these conditions.
Proactively managing ergonomic risks can reduce injury rates, boost productivity, and foster a healthier workplace culture. Below, we explore the key reasons why addressing ergonomic hazards is essential.
Related Reading: What Health And Safety Legislation Should All Employers Know About?
Reduces The Risk Of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)
MSDs, such as back pain, tendonitis, and carpal tunnel syndrome, are common results of ergonomic hazards and can lead to chronic pain and disability if left unaddressed. These injuries often develop slowly over time due to repetitive motions, awkward postures, or poorly designed workstations. By identifying and mitigating ergonomic risks, you can reduce the likelihood of MSDs, creating a safer environment.
Enhances Productivity And Efficiency
Poorly designed workspaces or improper seating can lead to discomfort, fatigue, and slower performance. When team members have comfortable, ergonomic workstations that provide proper support, they can work more efficiently and stay focused. By reducing physical strain, improved ergonomics boost productivity and work quality, allowing everyone to perform at their best.
Lowers Absenteeism And Reduces Costs
Injuries from ergonomic hazards often lead to time off work, whether for recovery or medical treatment. Minimising these risks helps team members avoid pain and injury, supporting consistent staffing levels. Reducing workplace injuries also lowers compensation claims and related expenses, making ergonomic improvements a smart financial investment.
Supports Legal Compliance With UK Health and Safety Regulations
Under laws like the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, organisations in the UK must provide safe, healthy work environments. Ignoring ergonomic hazards can lead to fines, penalties, and legal repercussions if team members are injured as a result. By proactively managing ergonomic risks, companies can stay compliant and protect themselves from potential liabilities.
Promotes A Positive Work Culture And Employee Satisfaction
A workplace that prioritises well-being and actively prevents ergonomic hazards shows a commitment to health and safety. When team members feel physically supported and safe, they’re more likely to feel valued and satisfied. This focus on well-being boosts morale, reduces turnover, and strengthens overall workplace satisfaction, contributing to a positive and supportive work culture.
Supports Early Intervention And Prevents Long-Term Issues
Addressing ergonomic hazards early can stop minor issues from becoming serious health problems. Regular assessments, workstation adjustments, and training help identify risks before they result in major injuries. Preventive action reduces the high costs linked to long-term treatments, lost productivity, and turnover due to avoidable health issues.
Investing in ergonomic practices protects your team’s well-being and ensures compliance with UK health and safety regulations. For more workplace health and safety tips, follow Veriforce CHAS Insights.
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